Liberalism And Freedom Essay - 2849 Words

Liberalism and Freedom Liberalism is a force that has produced change from the birth of this nation to the politics of today. Liberal tenets have been a basis of thought and action in American politics since well before the signing of the Constitution. Certainly, liberalism has had to transform in order to remain a legitimate force throughout the years. When considering this transformation, one may ask whether or not the ideas and goals of classical liberalism have been lost in the conversion into modern liberalism. In order to answer this, the areas of freedom, the role of government, human nature, and the function of law should be addressed. While this may not be a complete register of change in liberalism, research into these†¦show more content†¦The Declaration of Independence embodied these thoughts precisely and clearly. When Thomas Jefferson wrote about the quot;inalienable rights... life, liberty and the pursuit of happinessquot; he was speaking of the inherent rights of man and went further to declare that any government that chooses to dispel these rights is subject to overthrow by the governed. In short Jefferson was saying that the right of the government to rule is derived from the peoples ability to utilize and approve of their level of independence. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Modern America embraces and reveres the ideals above. This leaves modern liberalism with the chore of expanding these rights. The focus has now shifted from the attainment of these rights to the perfection of them. In the above statement I mean to show that liberal ideas of freedom and liberty have changed considerably. This can be clarified by the following quote: quot;A man who was poor, uneducated, ill-housed, and subject to the fluctuations economic cycle could not be considered free though he lived in a nation whose government abided by the tenets of laissez-faire. True liberty, liberals began to contend, required the ability of man to use his talents and energies in a constructive nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;fashion-it meant the positive freedom to achieve and accomplish.quot; (Volkomer, 4) This quotation suggests that modern liberalsShow MoreRelatedDoes Liberalism Really Offer the Most Freedom?726 Words   |  3 Pagesgreatest amount of individual freedom? Why or why not? Libertarianism offers great amounts of individual freedom to the people governed under it. Whether it truly offers the greatest amount of freedom in comparison to other forms of political theory is highly debatable and very subjective in nature. We as Americans live in a liberal society and our government is appropriately structured as one. Any person who attends public schools are indoctrinated into liberalism whether they know it or notRead MoreModern Liberalism: Rousseau ´s Theory of Freedom894 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom is a difficult doctrine that takes part in politics. Philosophy emphasized entirely determined by public, particularly in sociology and economics. Liberty can clarify the distinction between negative and positive liberty, the following part of this essay covers two issues. Meanwhile, the second purpose in this essay is to explore the implication of negative and positive freedom on the relationship between the individual and the states which will utilize different real instance in the worldRead MoreIndividual Freedom Is Often Seen As The Core Value Of Liberalism.1962 Words   |  8 PagesIndividual freedom is often seen as the core value of Liberalism. Nevertheless, freedom can be divided into two c ategories: negative and positive. Negative freedom, which is traditionally associated with Classical Liberalism, advocates the belief in non-interference and the absence of all external constraints upon the individual. This absence of limits implies that individuals should be free to pursue their own interests, free from outside restrictions or pressures. Negative freedom, however doesRead MoreLiberty and Political Liberalism893 Words   |  4 PagesLiberty and Political Liberalism William D. Towah Liberty and Political Liberalism The Relationship between the Concepts of Liberty and Political Liberalism In his publication: â€Å"The Equality Trust†, Goddard, J. (2013) discussed that liberty as defined by many to mean the ability of an individual to carry out his/her will without any active obstruction or impediment from any persons is narrowed and, therefore, flawed. He proposed that liberty should rather be viewed as the â€Å"absence of relationshipRead MoreHow Liberism has Evolved During the 20th Century980 Words   |  4 Pagescentury, liberalism has been one of the sources of political progress in the West. Liberalism is a philosophy based on ideas of liberty and quality. Liberalism is hard to define due to the term being used to describe ideas, parties, movements and practices in different societies and different historical periods. The core values of liberalism are individualism, rationalism, freedom, justice and toleration . Liberalism is one of the most powerful ideologies shaping Western Politics. Early Liberalism showedRead MoreLiberalism, The Political Philosoph y On Ideas Of Equality And Liberty1573 Words   |  7 PagesLiberalism Liberalism is the political philosophy on ideas of equality and liberty. Liberalisms focus is on the general ideas of fair elections by the people, civil rights, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, free trade, and private property. As with all things though, the way the idea of liberalism can viewed differ by each individual person and the trails they have gone through. Liberalism is no exception from this phenomenon and during the nineteenth Century there were many trails changingRead MoreNeo-Liberalism versus Classic Liberalism Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pages Neo-Liberalism verse Classic Liberalism Neo-liberalism is associated with economic liberalism whose campaign support provides economic liberations, free trade and open markets, privatization, deregulation and promoting the role of private institutions present in new society. Classic liberalism criticizes the neo-liberalism objective of introducing liberalization to bring about gradual increase of wealth and freedom among nations, however, classic liberalism explains that instead of realizationRead MoreImportance Of Classical Liberalism1371 Words   |  6 Pages Liberalism is one of the most multifaceted and widely implemented ideologies among the popular political ideologies. Most of these variations of liberations have stark changes to existing policy or new policy which dilutes the central ideas and values of classical liberalism. This analysis will discuss the implications on the economy, society and the central values, the role of the state and the public vs. private aspects of classical liberalism. The analysis wi ll justify the statement, ‘ClassicalRead MoreConservatism Vs. Classical Liberalism859 Words   |  4 Pagesfounded on a basis of liberty and in the early 19th century, classical liberalism was the ideology that society thought would best protect individual liberties. Conservatism and classical liberalism often resemble each other in social and political ideas and ways of thinking. There are many factors that contribute to this resemblance between the two ideologies. Conservatism in the United States so often resembles classical liberalism because of the similarity in the beliefs of government restrictionsRead MoreClassical Liberalism Is A Political Philosophy Originated1594 Words   |  7 PagesClassical Liberalism is a political philosophy originated in the 18th century based on the idea of individual liberty created to preserve an open and accepting, and open-minded society. Classical liberalism is very solemn when advocating for the value of freedom in which emphasizes th e importance of religion, speech, press, assembly, and markets which includes free trade market capitalism, and economic liberalism. Up until around the 1900s, this ideology was commonly known as Liberalism, however,

Why So Many People Eat Fast Food - 623 Words

Nowadays, time seems to be an important factor for people around the world. Today people, especially in Bangkok,the capital city of Thailand, have to wake up and go out early to study or work, so they have to avoid any traffic jams. They have only a short break at lunch or are always in a hurry. Therefore people dont have time to cook or prepare their own meals for themselves or for their family. Fast food is one of the better choices for people who have limited time. Moreover, there are many fast food restaurants in Thailand and around the world, such as Macdonalds, KFC, Burger King, Chester Grill, Dunkin Donuts, Pizza Hut, or The pizza Company. Some restaurants provide a drive-through or delivery service for the customers convenience. These restaurants also advertise in many popular magazines or on TV, which attracts the interest of many customers. Even though people know that fast food is not good for their health, the number of people that eat at fast food restaurants increases every year. The main reasons that so many people eat fast food are the taste of the food, its price,and the fact that it is fast and convenient. The delicious taste of the food is one of the major reasons for the increase in the number of customers in fast food restaurants. Although everyone knows that fast food is unhealthy food, contains high calories and has no nutritional value, people like to eat it because it tastes good and each restaurant has a variety of food available on theShow MoreRelatedFast Food, Cause Effect Essay702 Words   |  3 PagesCAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE POPULARITY OF FAST FOOD Nowadays, most people -especially kids and young people- prefer to eat fast food, such as hamburgers, pizza, fried food, etc. Why it has become so popular? It tastes better than homemade food? We do not believe it is only the taste the reason of the popularity of fast food. There are several reasons why fast food had become popular over the years. It is popular because it is cheap, quick and convenient to those who haveRead MoreWhy More People Eat Fast Food Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesFast Food In our American society today where waking up early each morning to get ready for work has becoming a very huge part of our daily life, we realize that people are becoming more busy even to the point of becoming lazy since they barely have any time to cook for themselves or for their families and therefore, this has lead to the increasing number of fast food restaurants everywhere we go. Pick McDonalds, Subways and Wendy’s for example; there is no corner you will step that youRead MoreHow Fast Food Is Addictive1436 Words   |  6 Pagestopic of fast food, most of us will readily agree that it’s unhealthy. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of whether it causes addiction. While some are convinced that it doesn’t, others are convinced that advertisements help brain wash the new generation. Along with the chemicals added to the fast food to help contribute to the addiction cycle. My own view is that fast food is addictive. In my point of view fast food is addictive because it seems that the more fast foodRead MoreEating Food Slowly Is A Bad Thing?864 Words   |  4 Pages Many could say that eating food slowly is a bad thing? But research shows the opposite. Many people who work in offices, schools, or fast food restaurants and many other jobs, only have approximately 30 minutes to eat their lunch during their break. That is why they come to their conclusion on to why eating food slow is a bad thing. When workers have a 30-minute break to eat lunch, they want to enjoy their lunch. However they cant because they have to go to work right back. One can think, â€Å"WellRead MoreFast Food Is Bad For Our Health855 Words   |  4 PagesIntro Quick, delicious, and hot that’s all people think when they are getting fast food for them and their family so they went have to cook. You can get fast food almost on every corner of a street and on any continent you go to. Fast food is now starting to invade non fast food eater’s lives by offering so called health items on the menu. Fast food is everywhere and people don’t consider what’s in the fast food they eat. What it could do to our health and why you feel sluggish, and when I go will IRead MoreHow Fast Food Affect A French Health907 Words   |  4 Pages How Fast Food Affect a French Health Over time eating has become easier than ever. United States created fast food which the main purpose was to benefit people from eating on the go and today this eating efficiently has spread all over the world. Not only U.S. joined the new eating concept, but many other countries including France. Fast food has spread all over France, and it is the second country with the largest fast food consumer. It is very surprising to see an European country as the secondRead MoreFast Foods And Fast Food Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesFast food is one of the easiest ways to get food and eat it in a hurry. More people have been eating fast food rather than eating at home for years. The rate of fast food consumption has not slowed in over fifteen years (North). Americans in today’s society are busier than they have been. With people being busy they cannot find an easy way to make dinner, so they go to fast food restaurants to get food on the go. Many Americans also believe they are too b usy to go shopping for groceries. Being busyRead MoreTeen Obesity Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagesadolescents. Why you might ask. Well, children become overweight and obese for a variety of reasons. The most common causes are genetic factors, lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns, or a combination of these factors. Only in rare cases is being overweight caused by a medical condition such as a hormonal problem says webmd.com. In the US the food proportions are a lot larger than the proportions in other parts of the world. Also, there are more variations of food and more types of food toRead MoreWhy People Eat The Food That They Do1382 Words   |  6 PagesWhy People Eat There are many different reasons why people eat the food that they do. Food is what gives people the energy they need to function and can also provide comfort for some. The reasons why people eat differ from person to person, but some of the main reasons of focus will be the religious, social, economic, cultural, and media. Food has a big influence on our lives more than people may realize. Different religions have beliefs that certain foods are sacred and then some are consideredRead MorePersuasive Essay On Fast Food1605 Words   |  7 Pages Drop that Twinkie There are many reasons why we crave and desire many different foods, but fast food is fast and easy why would there be a need for change. There are many reasons why peoples way of eating needs to change. Overall, there are situations in our health industries, that even the environment that oneself lives in can be a problem to their health as well. It is up to the teenagers to help stop this situation because they are the future of our state. Overall, obesity

Storytelling and tradition a comparison of Maus and The...

The stories Maus and The Woman Warrior that we read this semester seem very different from each other, but I think that they both contain similarities and can be contrasted readily. The Woman Warrior by Maxing Hong Kingston like Maus by Art Spiegelman deals with storytelling and tradition derived from racial issues. These books are not merely based on race though. Culture, identity, language, heritage, history, and discrimination are all components in the compositions of Maus and The Woman Warrior. The races, beliefs, and struggles of the characters in these books are very different, but can be similar at times. Cultural disparities run rampant in these books and are the cause of much suffering and struggle. In one book, you have†¦show more content†¦Vladek looks at things differently than most people. Vladek has seen things such as children being swung by the legs like baseball bats into a wall until they died. He has seen families ripped apart and countless cold-blooded mu rders. All of these things were caused by the Nazis. You could say that the Nazi’s created Vledek’s culture for him. Vladek has seen the most evil and horrible capabilities of human beings. This sets him apart from most people. This is what makes him cherish every piece of food on his plate at every meal and save every piece of rope or random junk that he finds, because he knows that if worse comes to worse again you have to be prepared. So, for the parents in these books, a dramatic past shapes their culture and this culture they pass on to their children through stories and tradition. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through the stories in this book, an identity is created in the characters, one that reflects their past. In the case of Art Spiegelman and his father, their identities are that of a race that has incurred terrible tragedy. This fact is branded on them for life and it is a part of who they are. The Holocaust had a tremendous impact on Vladek, as did its story on Art. To survive an attempted genocide upon ones race would instill things like fear, hatred,

Research on The Black Death Essay - 1037 Words

Imagine the world as it is. There are many people living on the planet at a given time. Now imagine that out of the estimated 7 billion people on earth, about 4,200,000,000 people were suddenly eradicated because of a disease infesting just a part of the world. No, it isnt a scene or plot from a horror movie, this horrible reality is actually fact and has already happened in the distant past. I am talking, of course, of the Black Death of Europe. The Black Death or as its also known as â€Å"Bubonic Plague†, was a serious pandemic that infected Europe and nearly wiped out 60% of its population during its 2 year spread all across Europe. A rough estimate of about 60-200 million people were claimed as victims of The Black Death. At the time,†¦show more content†¦Sometimes, like most explanations back then, it was the work of God and punishment afflicted upon Europe for whatever reasons of the time. For these people, the only cure was to be somehow forgiven by God. This was usually done by people carving or painting the symbol of the cross on the front doors of their house with the words â€Å"Lord have mercy on us† either near it or on it. Another great contributor to the destruction of the Black Death was the Great Fire of London which helped eradicate most of the rats that carried the disease and wiping out most of the people with the disease. The plague actually repeatedly continued to remain in Europe and the Mediterranean throughout the centuries. The major occurences of the plague happened around the year 1346 and 1671. The Second Pandemic Black Death was pretty active in the years 1360 and 1667. All of Europe was ravaged and it impacted Europe so devastatingly that it took 150 years for the population of Europe to be fully recovered. Quarantining people was another way of combating the plague in ancient times. Taking anti-bio tics was advised was advised in case you came into contact with a victim of the disease. In early 2011 it was discovered that the bacteria Yersinia Pestis was actually the culprit for one of the most devastating pandemics ever to surface in the world. WhileShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper Proposal: The Black Death1171 Words   |  5 Pages The anticipated research paper will be taking into consideration the perspectives of the individuals that lived and died as a result of the Black Death, specifically from the year 1348 CE – 1350 CE and in the better known parts of the world during that period, the reactions, preventative measure that were taken to combat the plague, the religious and governmental response. In the collection of primary sources amassed by John Aberth in The Black Death, 1348-1350: the great mortality of 1348-1350Read MoreThe Black Death : Research Due Friday 161707 Words   |  7 PagesThe Black Death Research due Friday 16 Oct Focus Questions Origin †¢ Where did the black death originate o Where was the first known case of the black death †¢ Were there any other milder cases of the black death before the pandemic †¢ What were the other theories as to the origins of the black death Symptoms †¢ What were the symptoms of the black death o What effect did this have on people in medieval times ï‚ § What mental impact did this have on the people seeing the infected †¢ Why were there three formsRead MoreThe Black Death : A Widespread Disease1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death was a catastrophic pandemic - a widespread disease, which spread over western Asia, the Middle East, North Africa and Europe between the years 1346-1353. Playing an important role in history; a time known to have devastating effects and significant losses of population causing demographic impacts throughout the continents. Europe saw populations exponentially decline due to mortality rates during the outbreak. The Black Death killed tens of millions of people in Europe, this overallRead MoreIs It A Human Incubator For Viruses?968 Words   |  4 Pagesvaccinations were a requirement before a child could go to school to prevent any spread of illness. Practices like this and many other things in health gives the world less of a chance for a worldwide epidemic with equal or more severity of the Black Death to happen. The available access to medical assistance and h ygiene, advancement in medicine, and all the information help with preventing that from occurring. The world in the 1300s did not have these type of luxuries like the 21st century had toRead MoreThe Fight For Freedom And Equality904 Words   |  4 Pagesextremely hot topics regarding race relations in The United States of America. These three events are the deaths of Michael Brown, Eric Garner, and the recent passing of Freddie Gray. These three deaths, all involving death by police officer, have sparked controversy and protest all across the country with people pleading for equality. Conservatives argue that it is not racism that is sparking these deaths, but in most cases it is the outcome of police officers that are trying to apprehend criminals whileRead MoreBubonic Plague1154 Words   |  5 Pages Your bubonic plague research paper would revolve around the premise of it being a deadly disease, but we assure you that we won’t scare you by the facts. Bubonic plague is ty pically differentiated from other infections because of its roots in the bacteria, Yersinia pestis or Pastuerella pestis. The bacteria typically infects the spleen, lungs, kidneys and brain. It is spread by virtue of rats and fleas. The staff at ProfEssays.com could as Help with Bubonic Plague Research Paperwell spell out someRead MoreBlack Death And The Black Plague1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, was one of the most deadliest diseases of all time. This disease came to Europe around 1347 C.E, by merchants from East Asia. The Black Plague then spread all across Europe, and killed over 25,000,000 people. The Black Death had its effect on many things. The peasant and noble differentiation was realized to be bogus, the belief in religious authorities came under question, and poor people actually benefited from the Black Death. After the epidemicRead MoreAnalysis Of The Documentary 13th, By Ava Duvernay1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe title repr esents the 13th amendment of the United States Constitution stating the abolishment of slavery. The target audience of this movie is the federal system, black communities, and the modern society. This movie seems to coincide with the Black Lives Matter movement that stormed the country in 2015 after the death of black males at the hands of police officers. Mass incarceration across the United States makes up a Majority of the movie. DuVernay bases the movie of the narrative that thereRead MoreThe Dignity Of Black Americans1701 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Essay Draft The dignity of Black Americans is being taken away by the same people who are getting paid by American tax dollars, to protect and serve. Because of this rash of recent deaths, Black Americas have started an initiative to ban together to fight the racial injustice in this country. Black Lives Matter is an organization of American activist who created a grassroots movement to abolish the degradation and demonization of Blacks Americans. This movement formed after the shootingRead MoreThe Black Death Of The Bubonic Plague1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe research topic I have chosen to do my paper on is the â€Å"Black Death† which is also referred to as â€Å"the bubonic plague†. Medieval people also referred to it as â€Å"the blue sickness†, â€Å"pestilence† and â€Å"the Great Mortality†. The Black Death was an epidemic from 1343 – 1353, it came to Europe via trading ships after a long journey through the Black Sea. The plague originated i n Eastern Asia and worked its way via the trade ships into Western, Europe. The vessels were crammed full of rats and fleas

African American Interpersonal communication Essay Example For Students

African American Interpersonal communication Essay African American Interpersonal communication Essay through Body Art Tattoos make an individuals self definition more complete by visually communicating gang membership, status, rank and personal accomplishment (Phelan 277). Tattooing and body piercing has been practiced in almost every culture around the world, and for thousands of years. (Greif, Hewitt 367) The African American culture use body art as a method of nonverbal interpersonal communication. The word tattoo became part of the English vocabulary in 1769 when James Cook visited the Pacific Island of Tahiti. Both sexes, he wrote, paint their bodies. Tattow as it is called in their language, this is done by inlaying the color of black under their skins in such a manner as to be indelible. Some have ill designed figures of men birds or dogs, the women generally have this figure Z simply on every joint of their fingers and toes (Shukla 234). Tattooing and body piercing are increasing, especially among young college students. Yet in Western culture, tattooing and piercing often have been considered taboo, perhaps stemming from the Bibles Old Testament citing in Leviticus 19:28 and Deutronomy 14:1 that prohibits the marking of ones flesh in celebration of other gods ( Greif, Hewitt 367). Tattoos reflect a persons past career objectives . To analyze the moral careers communicated by these tattoos, we identify and elaborate upon five distinct phases in a prison gang moral career: pre initiate, initiate, member, veteran, and supervisor ( Phelan 277). The major reasons tattoos are given are traditionally, body art has served to attract the opposite sex, boost self esteem, ward off or invoke spirits, indicate social position or marital status, identify with a particular age or gender group or mark a rite of passage, such as puberty or marriage. It is this sort of strictly prescribed, highly ritualistic decoration that Beckwith and Fisher depict in African ceremonies. We have tried to show how body art is relevant to every stage of development, from birth to death, says Fisher. But while the traditional, often spiritually based versions of bod mod are quickly disappearing among indigenous peoples, the impulses behind personal adornment remain unchanged: attracting a mate, signaling status, declaring allegiance to a group( Lemonick 75). For men, the tattoo is a public identity symbol, and their first is usually on their arm. Women reserve their tattoo for a more intimate audience, and they usually choose their breast. For most, the tattoo is symbolic of their individuality and having withstood a painful and exciting event. Tattooees enjoy being noticed, although they reveal their tattoos selectively ( Davis 471). Anthropologists describe body art or modification as a way of identifying oneself as being a part of a group, a tribe, or a gang: of denoting ones financial status or marital status: or even as a way of beautifying the body (Grief, Hewitt Implicit here is the theme of deliverancethe redemptive passage from pain and uncertainty wherein the tattoo serves as both silent witness and lucky charm. Yet sailors and navel men have long applied symbols to their bodies, in an almost magical way, to guide their vessels and protect themselves, to deflect the temptations of a faraway women and even alleviate the pain of flogging. Soldiers, bikers and underworld gangs continue to adorn themselves with a range of symbols and ritual inscriptions: badges of rank, rites of passages, emblems, slogans and whimsical vision. And as appalling and savage as the tattooed prisoner appeared to 19th century criminologists, who wrestled to catalogue the criminal condition, it was well understood that the expansive repertoire of marks and mutilations universally made in prison bore than idle distraction. Professor Cesare Lombroso, a leading criminal theorist of the 1890s, cited vengeance , vanity and superstitions as prime motivations behind these so called ideographic hieroglyphs. It was well accepted that tattoo represented a cryptic form of expression and a way of overcoming a fierce and unfortunate plight (Crockett 15). For many centuries, body piercings have been evident. Many from pirates to Roman Centurions, have had body piercing sometimes symbolizing royalty , bravery, virility, or as a rite of passage (Greif, Hewitt 368). Why do people alter their body, sometimes painfully and permanently with body piercing? Enid Schildkrout, curator .

Human Resource Management Perspectives

Question: Write a report about the role of the line manager in Human Resource Management in a large hospital setting. Answer: Introduction: The line managers play a central role in human resource management. In large organisations like hospital it is burdened with myriad HR related activities which consists of filling out the performance appraisals interviewing the candidate and recommending the employment related rules. The prevailing overview of the study has been so far that the managers act primarily on behalf of the organisation by applying the human resource policies in conformity with the organisational procedures. The report presents the functional role of the line managers in the separate human resource process such as personnel selection and performance appraisals. The report further illustrates that most of the work is focussed on describing the various ways in which the line manages base their decision-making. The line managers execute the human resource policies so that it can pursue a combination of organisational, departmental and individual goals. This report investigates the role of the line managers in the HR activities. The paper demonstrates that the line managers and the HR rules and regulations are consistent with the organisational rules and practices. The role of line manager and HR Manager in organisation Line manager have the responsibility for directly administering the individual employees or a particular team in large hospital. They are responsible to report to the senior rank of administration regarding the performance along with the employees or the set of teams, which the line managers administer in hospitals (Abele and Suess 2015). The front line manager is considered as more precise and usually refers to the line managers in subordinate layers of the management hierarchy. This is where the line managers manages employees who do not have any managerial responsibilities, rather than the managers. Front line managers are on regular basis promoted from within the organisation of large hospital having managerial education. There are management responsibilities carried out by the line managers in large hospitals includes; Day to day management of staffs and people in hospitals Administering the cost of operations Offering technical expertise The line managers in large hospitals allocates work and rotas The line manager in hospitals monitors work and checks the quality on regular basis. The line managers also deals with customers and clients in hospitals The line managers measures operational performance of each employees in large hospitals The relationships in relation to human resource management and line managers has been subjected to numerous change and filled with stress in the current years. Changes and modification in the liberation of human resources practices have shifted the responsibilities for several central activities in large hospitals, which consists of recruitment and setting up of objective away from the human resources practices (Bhambri and Miles 2012). In addition to this, the tendency towards individualisation of the employment relationships has put up a new weights and opportunities in the hands of line managers. Goals of Human resource management: The line managers and the human resource department plays an vital function in the accomplishment of the large hospitals. The line managers and the human resource departments within the organisation oversees the employees relations which consists of determining their remuneration and wages, hiring and recruitment of staff and creating objectives regarding the performance of employees. The policies and objectives laid down by the line managers comply with the Human resource practices keeping in mind the overall all goals of the hospitals and the objectives of the organisation (Gallo et al 2013). Purpose: A number of the overall objectives of human resource administration is to ensure that the all the workforce execute their responsibility in order to endorse the goals of the organisation. The line managers on the other hand are also responsible to ensure that the employees take the full advantage of their potential and place a right employee in the right position. Business activities: Line managers in collaboration with the human resource activities encompass a sequence of trade activities and actions used by the workforce within the hospitals. The guidelines and measures of the human resource typically consisting of the expectations, which the line managers anticipate from the employees along with the benefit and reimbursement, presented to the workforce. Some of the most important activities executed by the line managers consist of training and recruitment of employees and the retention of the valuable employees. Planning: The line managers develop and designs programmes in order to make certain that the performance of the workforce within the hospital are united with the mission of the organisation. The line managers critically analyses the rationale of the mission and create actions and measures in order to regulate the process of selection and development of the organisations employees (Gilbert et al 2015). Classification: In relation to the implementation of plans and procedures in order to attract and retain the employees, the line managers along with the human resource departments determines the significance of job responsibilities which is based on the goals of hospitals. The line managers also classify the job titles along with the responsibilities of each assigned job titles. Ethics: The line managers administer the diversity in large hospitals. The makeup of workforce comprises of an individuals with different backgrounds, qualification and experience. The line managers define the objectives to assure that the differences in employees are respected. Programmes have been established concerning violence, benefits and well-being of a person are usually specified by the large hospitals in the employee personnel manuals. Approach to management of Human resource: The approach, which is called management of human resource, appeared in the theory of 1980. It was mostly talked about human resources management approach. The approach to human resource management in large hospitals is rising and effective management of these resources is of tactical significance to organisations like large hospitals, which can offer competitive benefit over rivals (Lent2013). The following are the approach to management of human resources Personnel management: Personnel management approaches are implemented in hospitals for human resource in order to meet the requirement of certain goals of hospitals, which are namely; objectives relating to employees; goals related to work, objectives related to management changes. The objectives in relation to employees: Recognition of these goals in large hospitals involves establishing organisational structure, determining the types of contracts, which is noteworthy for employees work, selection and development of staff (Bagga and S Srivastava 2015). It is vital for large hospitals to retain the best workforce so that it can maintain the level of competency necessary for the employees. Goals related to work: Authority in the human resource of large hospitals must take care that individuals are stimulated and dedicated to work. To achieve such objectives it is relevant to impart right level of training and development along with setting up a beneficial reward system, employee discipline, and the behaviour of individuals regarding achievement and retention of high standard of workforce and their involvement in the development of new ideas. The objectives concerning the management changes: It is observed that changes do not occur because of external influences in modern hospitals but they are enduring and run through the need for modernism and competitive pressures (Sadri 2012). For large hospitals to acquire such goals, it is necessary to develop and hire individuals who are able to initiate the process of change who have influenced o the acceptance of change. Administrative Approach: These approaches consists of maintaining accurate data regarding the employees, the result of work and training, and operational activities in conformity with the law and which clearly sets out collective regulations regarding the agreement of employees about the monthly payment of remuneration in large hospitals. Figure 1: Key approaches to HRM Source: (Lent 2013) Contextual and overarching themes in HRM HRM research offers several general suggestions regarding the improvement of strategies or at least provides the guidelines to approach HR decision-making process from strategic point of view for large hospitals. Lacking, though are some of the specified recommendation in the contextual themes, which have immediate applicability for practice. The objectives of the contextual and overarching theme is to advance in the human resource fields so that the line managers can strike out the barriers and offer liking strategies to connect the workforce of a large hospitals with the with the strategy of hospitals. From the perspective of line managers, the initial piece of information that is needed before the Human Resource investment decision is to understand the values related to the performance of workforce in large hospitals (Truss et al 2013). In an industry like large hospitals which is focused on imparting service, there are only few such conditions where the performance of the workforce is not significant. Instead, the question arises how the performance of employees makes difference. What matters the most in this contextual themes is that the decision makers must examine their investment. The contextual themes defines that it is necessary to chooses the correct employees and develop the employees which has the capability to make difference and the line managers should retain those employees for efficient functioning of large hospitals where imparting service is primary objective. The higher is the value of the employer performance, the more is the interventions designed to improve the performance, which can generate value. The higher the value associated with the employees performance the more a large hospital may want to invest in this human capital. Decision makers also need to consider what the resources are required to make the strategies of the HR choice (Florn Henrik 2014). Large hospitals must ensure that the resources are needed to make the strategic HR choices. Organisation must consider whether they should make or buy the HR practices as a part of the overall competitive strategies of the organisation. The line managers take the decision to regarding the number of human assets, which can be outsourced for large hospitals. For line managers to build up an exact systems is difficult and the organisations like large hospitals is not virtually stacked against the decision makers. If the line managers illustrate upon the active research, together with their indulgent towards the human workforce and institute a concrete HR systems companies through using a planned approach to HR decision making can win big. Functions of human resource Management and their operational elements A department, which is efficiently run and administered, can offer the structure of hospitals with the ability to meet the needs of business through managing the organisation with more valuable resources and employees. There are numerous such HR decisions in each of the discipline which performance more than one of the below listed six essentials function in large hospitals; Recruitment: The success of the recruitment and employment generally is measured on the number of positions is filled in the workforce and time involved while filling up those positions. Recruiters who work as in house are opposed to the companies, which provide the service of recruitment and staffing. This plays a key role for the line managers in developing the workforce for the large hospitals (Bagga T and S Srivastava 2014). Activities like job posting, sourcing of personnel, screening of applicants and conducting preliminary interview by coordinating with the efforts of line managers are responsible for ultimate selection of candidate. Safety: Administrative centre safety is an significant factor. Beneath the work-related security and health act of 1970 hence, the line managers are under the compulsion to make available secure working surroundings for employees. One of the main purposes of line managers of line managers is to support the training and preserving the federal authorized logs for place of work injury and casualty reporting. In addition to this human resource safety and the risk specialist usually work closely with the HR reimbursement specialists to administer the hospitals workforce reimbursement issues. Employee relations: In an unorganised employment environment, the employees and labour relations purpose of HR might be united and handled by the line managers or remain completely be a separate functions which is administered by the two specialist with specific proficiency in each one such area (Gilbert et al 2015). The relations of employee in respect to the HR regulation is concerned with the corroboration of the relationship between the employer and the employee by determining job contentment, employee appointment and determining the conflict at work place. Compliance: The line managers ensure that compliance of employment laws is of utmost importance in HR functions of large hospitals. Non-compliance of workplace complaints can result in dissatisfaction among the employees, which simultaneously affects the productivity and ultimately affecting the profitability. The line managers should be aware of the federal and the state of the employment laws to be followed in the hospitals such as Fair labour laws and standard Act, The National labour Relations act and many other rules and regulations. HR planning and evaluation of the HRM function: The line managers should first study the working of the organisation. Then he should prepare the list of concerned activities, which are required to be achieved. The line managers perform the planning process in the following ways; Assessment of work force: The line manager then calculates approximately the requirement of the workforce in large hospitals. He finds out the numbers of workers and staff will be needed to do all the all the job in the organisation (Papadopoulos et al 2014). The line managers in terms of quality and quantity must make estimation of workforce requirement. Evaluation of work force supply: The line managers then approximate the work force supply. He performs such activities by finding out many managers and employers are available in the organisation. Comparison of workforce: The line managers then compare the workforce needs and work force supply. In case of dissimilarity: If the line managers notice no dissimilarity between work force wants and the workforce supply, the line managers take the desired actions. In case of no disparity: If the line managers finds there is no differences between the workforce requirements and the supply of workforce then the line managers does not takes any actions. This is due to the line managers anticipates that requirements are equal to the workforce supply. Monitoring the work force requirements: The line managers manager must continuously monitor the requirement of workforce in large hospitals. This is due to that several employees and the managers leave the organisation either by resignation or by retirement (Noe 2013). Hence, the line managers ensure that those vacancies must filled with adequate manpower. This ensures uninterruptible functioning of the organisation. Conclusion: In this report a detail description of the managers are given out to carry out their HR activities. It has been observed that the organisation like large hospitals design HR policies and descriptions with adequate support from line managers so that it can enable a varying level of discretion and they can take initiative towards aligning the line managers keeping in mind the organisational objectives. The report also demonstrates that largely the decision of the HR are locally configured by the line managers who put forth high influential political process which leads to specific decision making about the employment terms of the employees. Hence, the report also performs further research on the role of the line mangers and the discretion, which therefore proves to be a fruitful understanding of the performance effects of human resource management. Reference list: Abele, M. and J. 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